Introduction

This is a comprehensive dataset of 6,388 surgical patients composed of intraoperative biosignals and clinical information. The biosignal data included in the dataset is high quality data such as 500 Hz waveform signals and numeric values at intervals of 1-7 seconds. More than 60 surgery related clinical information is also provided to help interpret the signals.

The dataset is provided free of charge to help researchers who want to study and develop new medical AI algorithms using monitoring signals from surgical patients. We expect that the distribution of this world's largest biosignal dataset will greatly contribute to the advancement of medical AI research.

If you use the VitalDB open dataset in your research, please cite the following publication:

Lee HC, Park Y, Yoon SB, Yang SM, Park D, Jung CW. VitalDB, a high-fidelity multi-parameter vital signs database in surgical patients. Sci Data. 2022 Jun 8;9(1):279. doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01411-5. PMID: 35676300; PMCID: PMC9178032.

Dataset Summary

• The data was obtained from non-cardiac (general, thoracic, urologic, and gynaecologic) surgery patients who underwent routine or emergency surgery in 10 out of 31 operating rooms of Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• The acquisition and release of the data was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital (H-1408-101-605). The study was also registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02914444).
• Case files were recorded in the form of vital files using Vital Recorder version 1.7.4. Each case file contains high-resolution data with a time resolution of 500 Hz for wave data and 1-7 seconds for numeric data, with an average of 2.8 million data points per case.
• The dataset consists of a total of 557,622 (average 87, range 16-136) data tracks from 6,388 cases. All data tracks in the vital file were extracted, converted to csv, and compressed with gzip.

Dataset Summary

	General surgery (n = 4,930)	Thoracic surgery (n = 1,111)	Gynecology (n = 230)	Urology (n = 117)	Total (n = 6,388)
Demographic
Sex (male)	2,524 (51.2%)	618 (55.6%)	0 (0%)	101 (86.3%)	3,243 (50.8%)
Age (years)	59 (48-68)	61 (52-70)	45 (35-55)	64 (58-72)	59 (48-68)
Height (cm)	162 (156-169)	163 (156-169)	159 (155-163)	168 (161-173)	162 (156-169)
Weight (kg)	60 (53-69)	61 (54-69)	59 (53-66)	69 (62-77)	61 (53-69)
Surgical approach
Open	3,104 (63.0%)	190 (17.1%)	65 (28.3%)	6 (5.1%)	3,368 (52.7%)
Videoscopic	1,691 (34.2%)	889 (80.0%)	140 (60.9%)	34 (29.1%)	2,701 (42.3%)
Robotic	135 (2.7%)	32 (2.9%)	25 (10.9%)	77 (65.8%)	269 (4.2%)
Anesthesia
General	4,630 (93.9%)	1,093 (98.4%)	203 (88.3%)	117 (100.0%)	6,043 (94.6%)
Spinal	246 (5.0%)	0 (0.0%)	27 (11.7%)	0 (0.0%)	273 (4.3%)
Sedation	54 (1.1%)	18 (1.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	72 (1.1%)
Duration of anesthesia (min)
	150 (90-245)	170 (110-220)	135 (95-185)	190 (79-231)	150 (90-240)
Anesthetics
Sevoflurane	2,076 (42.1%)	255 (23.0%)	172 (74.8%)	34 (29.1%)	2,537 (39.7%)
Desflurane	1,012 (20.5%)	226 (20.3%)	69 (30.0%)	106 (90.6%)	1,383 (21.6%)
Propofol TCI	2,490 (50.5%)	996 (89.6%)	5 (2.2%)	7 (6.0%)	3,498 (54.8%)
Remifentanil TCI	3,639 (73.8%)	1,000 (90.0%)	110 (47.8%)	86 (73.5%)	4,835 (75.7%)
Device
Tram-Rac 4A (SNUADC)	4,910 (99.6%)	1,103 (99.3%)	226 (98.3%)	116 (99.1%)	6,355 (99.5%)
Solar 8000M	4,930 (100.0%)	1,111 (100.0%)	230 (100.0%)	117 (100.0%)	6,388 (100%)
Primus	4,915 (99.7%)	1,104 (99.4%)	226 (98.3%)	117 (100.0%)	6,362 (99.6%)
BIS Vista	4,282 (86.9%)	1,004 (90.4%)	196 (85.2%)	84 (71.8%)	5,566 (87.1%)
Orchestra	3,713 (75.3%)	1,005 (90.5%)	115 (50.0%)	86 (73.5%)	4,919 (77.0%)
Vigileo	85 (1.7%)	227 (20.4%)	4 (1.7%)	32 (27.4%)	348 (5.4%)
EV1000	598 (12.1%)	1 (0.1%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	599 (9.4%)
Vigilance II	63 (1.3%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	63 (1.0%)
CardioQ	29 (0.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	29 (0.5%)
INVOSTM	33 (0.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	33 (0.5%)
FMS2000	15 (0.3%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	15 (0.2%)

Device and data track description

Device	Device type	Company	Parameters	Data type	Number of parameters	Acquisition interval (sec)
Tram-Rac 4A (SNUADC)	Patient monitor	GE healthcare	ECG, capnography, plethysmogram, respiration, blood pressures	wave	6	1/500
Solar 8000M	Patient monitor	GE healthcare	Heart rate, blood pressures, oxygen saturation, temperature, gas concentrations, etc.	numeric	44	2
Primus	Anesthesia machine	Drager	Gas concentrations, volumes and flows, airway pressures	wave and numeric	37	1/62.5 for waves, 7 for numeric data
BIS Vista	EEG monitor	Covidien	EEG waves, BIS and related parameters	wave and numeric	8	1/128 for EEG wave, 1 for numeric data
Orchestra®	Target-controlled infusion pump	Fresenius Kabi	Target, plasma and effect-site concentrations; infused, residual, total volumes, infusion rate and pressure; drug name and concentration	numeric	51	1
Vigileo	Cardiac output monitors	Edwards Lifesciences	Stroke volume and derived parameters	numeric	5	2
EV1000	Cardiac output monitors	Edwards Lifesciences	Stroke volume and derived parameters		9	2
Vigilance II	Cardiac output monitors	Edwards Lifesciences	Cardiac output and derived parameters, temperature, oxygen saturation,		14	2
CardioQ	Cardiac output monitors	Deltex	Stroke volume, cardiac output and related parameters	wave and numeric	13	1/180 for flow and arterial pressure waves; 1 for numeric data
INVOSTM	Cerebral/somatic oximeter	Covidien	Cerebral oxygen saturation	numeric	2	5
FMS2000	Rapid infusion system	Belmont Instrument	Infused volume, infusion rate, temperatures, pressure	numeric	7	every 2.875 mL infused

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Parameter List

Clinical Information

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Hemodynamic Parameters

• The parameter name is in the form of “device name / data track name”.

W=waveform; N=numeric; S=string

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Lab Results

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Data Use Agreement

1\. Objective

This Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the "Agreement") is made in accordance with Article 18 (2) 4 of the Personal Information Protection Act and Article 16 (3) of the Bioethics Act of Korea, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA) Regulation 45 CFR Part 160 and Part 164. This agreement is intended to specify the details necessary to allow the access of data users (hereinafter referred to as the "User") to the limited data set (hereinafter referred to as the "Data") provided by the VitalDB team (hereinafter referred to as the "Provider").

2\. Terms

Unless otherwise specified, the definition of terms used in this Agreement shall be governed by the Personal Information Protection Law of the Republic of Korea and the United States HIPPA regulations.

3\. License

Users are permitted to use dataset from the Provider website subject to our terms of use.

The dataset will be released to Users under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This license type has been applied to the VitalDB Open Dataset in order to maximize the dissemination and use of the Data.

4\. Provider's obligation

The provider prepares and presents the Data to the User. The following unique personal identifier and Protected Health Information (PHI) are removed from the Data provided:

Name (including Chinese characters and full name), address, unique identifiers (resident registration number, passport number, foreigner registration number, driver's license number, medical record number, health insurance number, social welfare number, soldier’s serial number, business registration number), time (date of birth, anniversary, date of death, date of certification, date of hospital admission, date of discharge, date of operation, etc.), telephone number (mobile phone number, home phone number, work phone number, fax number), e-mail address, homepage address, account number, card number, various certificates and license numbers, biometric information (fingerprint, voice, iris, etc.),

5\. User's obligation

1\) The User can use the Data for research and development purposes.

2\) The User must not disclose the Data to anyone who is not hired to the User without the consent of provider. If the User wishes to disclose the Data to his or her employee, the User must document the contract applying the same restrictions and conditions as those applied to him/herself to the employee, and have all legal responsibility for the use of the Data.

3\) The User must not use or disclose the Data beyond the scope of this Agreement except as required by law.

4\) The User must take appropriate security measures to prevent the use or disclosure of Data that is outside the scope of this Agreement.

5\) The User must report to the Provider within 24 hours if you use or disclose the Data beyond the scope of this Agreement.

6\) The User must not attempt to identify any personal information from the Data.

6\. Change of contract

1\) The Provider may change this Agreement if there are reasonable grounds, and in this case, the Provider shall post the date and reason for the change to the VitalDB website no later than 14 days prior to the change being applied.

2\) Any change of the contract in accordance with paragraph 1 above shall become effective upon the User’s consent. However, if the User does not express the intention of rejection within a certain period of time, the User shall be deemed to have agreed to the revised contract.

3\) The User is obliged to periodically check the notice on the VitalDB homepage.

4\) The User is responsible for any damage caused by failure to confirm the changes to the Agreement.

7\. Termination of contract

1\) Unless otherwise specified, the term of this Agreement shall be five years. However, if there is no notice, the contract period is automatically extended.

2\) The User may terminate the contract at any time by deleting the provided Data and notifying the Provider of this fact.

3\) The Provider may terminate the Agreement at any time by giving notice to the User 30 days prior to termination.

4\) The contract is immediately terminated if:

a\) The User is found to be in violation of HIPAA, the Personal Information Protection Act, or Bioethics Act.

b\) The User violates the laws or regulations of the country or organization to which he/she belongs.

c\) The User is presumed to have violated this Agreement in the sole judgment of the Provider.

d\) The benefit of the Provider is infringed by the sole judgment of the Provider.

8\. Others

1\) If the Data becomes no longer available due to related legislative changes, the Provider may limit the use of the Data after 14 days’ notice to the User.

2\) Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, the User’s right is not transferable to any third party.

Acknowledgement

Our project is currently supported by the Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by ­the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) (Project Number: KMDFPR20200901_0144, 9991006817); MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program (IITP-2018-2018-0-01833); and ­National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2018R1A5A1060031).

The project was previously supported by the ­National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (NRF-2015R1A2A2A01003962).